Joint ownership does have its downsides and should be carefully considered before being implemented in any inter vivos circumstances or estate plan. For instance, one scenario where it can be unwise to set up property ownership jointly is when a parent and child are named as joint owners. Problems can arise if the parent has other children who are not included in the joint ownership of the property or the child involved in the joint ownership is financially unstable. With multiple siblings, even if the Georgia will specifies that the joint property should be divided evenly between all of the children, the joint ownership property is not part of the estate. Thus, the surviving owner is not obligated to split the property and distribute it per the Georgia will. This is because the joint property transfers to the surviving owner(s) by operation of law. Thus, the property never becomes part of the estate and therefore is not subject to the laws of intestacy or distribution per the terms of the Georgia will. Also, if the joint owner is a child with financial issues, the parent can lose the property if the child’s creditors endeavor to collect outstanding debts. The child’s joint ownership interest can also be threatened if the parent has financial issues, which cause the parent to declare bankruptcy. This can oftentimes be the case if the parent has significant medical expenses or other expenses associated with growing older and not having earned income.

A Georgia Estate Planning attorney can provide other alternatives to placing property in joint ownership. One good alternative is to draft an effective estate plan that specifies how the property will be divided under a number of possible scenarios. Without a crystal ball we cannot foresee which scenarios are most likely, but they can include illness, remarriage of a spouse, bankruptcy, etc. With such variability, it is prudent to draft a detailed estate plan that can factor in multiple circumstances. Such an estate plan is especially effective for larger estates or in situations where a dispute between heirs and/or beneficiaries may be inevitable. Estate planning under such scenarios often involves the use of revocable and irrevocable trusts and annual gifting. Implementing these types of estate planning vehicles can be complicated and it is necessary to have an experienced estate planning attorney assist you.

The following are some of the steps to keep in mind when executing a will in Georgia. The person executing the will, the testator, must be at least 14 years old. The will must be in writing, although the law does not specify a particular format, except that it cannot be handwritten. The will needs to be signed by the testator, who must be sufficiently competent (of sound mind and memory) at the time the will is executed, know the nature and extent of their assets, and that they are executing a will voluntarily and of their free will. In Georgia, another person can assist the testator in signing the will. This is legally sufficient when it is done in the presence of the testator and at the express direction of the testator. A minimum of two witnesses must also sign the will in the presence of the testator. The witnesses must view the signing of the will by the testator as defined by the “line of sight” rule. This means the witnesses must have an open and unobstructed line of sight to the testator’s signing of the will.

Should a witness also be beneficiary under the will, he or she must forfeit their inheritance under the will for their act as a witness to be valid, and as a result, the will to be valid. Thus, witnesses whom are beneficiaries to a will should not be a witness to the will. As a last resort, however, the testator may have three or more witnesses to their will. Under Georgia Code Section 53-4-23, a witness who is also a beneficiary may receive testamentary gift from the estate only when a minimum of two other witnesses sign the will. In this case, the other two witnesses cannot be beneficiaries. A useful and increasing necessary document to attach to the will is a self-proving affidavit. While it is not a requirement, this document proves that the will was properly executed and is genuine. It should be signed by the testator, the witnesses and certified by a notary public. Without a self-proving affidavit, one of the witnesses must be located at the time of the testator’s death and sign a legal document called “Interrogatories to Witness to Will. In this legal document, the witness attests to the validity of the will he or she witnessed. Further, the witness may be required to appear in court and give testimony under oath. With the self-proving notarized affidavit, this is not necessary and the will is likely admitted to probate without any delay.

You can also meet with one of our Georgia estate litigation attorneys at our Law Firm’s Marietta, Georgia Office. You can contact our Marietta, Georgia location by calling (770) 952-1008, or toll free at 1-877-412-3267.

Lastly, you can contact our Main Buckhead-Atlanta Office or our Marietta, Georgia Office by sending a message through our confidential Contact Us form located on our web site.

Georgia probate law allows for a formal objection to be filed that removes the person picked to administer the estate. When the heirs or beneficiaries recognize that the person assigned to administer the estate is unfit, it is always preferable to remove them immediately when probate proceedings are initiated. By acting promptly, before any breach of the fiduciary duties can occur, costs associated with fraudulent actions and any ensuing legal fees can be avoided. Of course there are cases in which the person chosen initially appears to be adequate for the responsibilities, but later acts inappropriately, is dishonest or irresponsible. In those instances, it is possible to sue for breach of fiduciary duties, including, but not limited to, the removal and replacement of the administrator or executor. This can be done once a breach of duties occurs, or if a breach has not yet occurred, once there is evidence that the person intends to violate their fiduciary duties.

In any probate proceedings it is important to secure the counsel of a qualified and experienced Atlanta, Georgia probate attorney. Individuals acting without proper legal counsel can unknowingly file false or groundless petitions, such as petitions to remove a person assigned to administer an estate. These frivolous petitions carry specific penalties under Georgia probate law. For that reason, it is especially wise to always seek legal counsel to avoid these types of issues, as well as to ensure the most successfully outcome of the probate process.

When creating a joint bank account, inserting the word “or” between the names of both account holders is a simple way to allow for either party to process transactions independently. While this facilitates the payment of expenses as described in the previous example, if one account holder dies, it also allows for all funds in the account to pass to the surviving account holder. When the second person is a spouse or the only surviving relative, this may not pose a problem. But when there are other heirs, a dispute may take place if the heirs feel that they are entitled to a portion of the funds. The question of who receives the funds will be addressed during probate proceedings, as the true intent of the deceased is investigated. Most commonly, the proof of how the money will be divided up is found in the will. But with no will, or if the will does not clearly state how the funds are to be allocated, the court will needs to determine if the second account holder was added only for the sake of convenience or if it was the true intention of the deceased to gift the funds to the second account holder.

When the word “and” is used between two names on a joint bank account, no transactions on the account can be processed without the other party’s signature. This is common in Georgia business partnerships where the inflow and outflow of funds needs to be closely monitored. Under this scenario, in the event that one account holder dies, half of the funds will pass on to the estate of the deceased and half of the funds will pass to the surviving account holder. This set up is not common in family dealings and does not usually cause a dispute during Georgia probate proceedings.

The types of joint account disputes involving family members can be avoided by asking an experienced and qualified Georgia probate attorney to set up a will that clearly defines your desired intentions. Keep in mind that while probate proceedings resolve issues on these difficult and emotionally charged cases, your heirs are the ones who will live not only with the outcome, but also with the consequences caused by any drama that plays out during the proceedings. With the proper planning you can eliminate this turmoil and create a positive experience for your loved ones.

Even when the estate is being administered in a responsible manner, because emotions run high in these situations, heirs and beneficiaries can begin to imagine that the executor or administrator is taking advantage of the situation. And executors and administrators can feel that, despite their hard work administering the estate, they are wrongly accused of inappropriate behavior. The good news is that by inserting some legal checks and balances into the process, these situations can be avoided or, if they do occur, resolved. One example of a useful legal instrument that helps diffuse these conflicts is the petition for inventory and accounting. Even though the executor or administrator appears to have absolute power to manage the estate, that person is in fact bound by a fiduciary duty. As such, the person administering the estate is required to handle all related duties in the best interest of all parties. When the duties carried out fall under suspicion, heirs and beneficiaries can make a legally binding request for an inventory and accounting of all estate assets. It is important to note that in Georgia sometimes heirs and beneficiaries waive their right to petition for inventory and accounting, but when a conflict arises they can legally renounce the waiver and the petition can move forward.

In some cases, conflicts surface when executors and administrators can have difficulty providing an inventory of assets in a timely manner. It is precisely this situation that can make it seem that there is an abuse of power on their part. But there are instances that can cause undue skepticism and one of these is when estate assets fall into categories that are difficult to identify. One type of asset that can prove very difficult to discern is intellectual property, such as artistic works, inventions or patents. For this reason it is important to retain the service of an experienced and qualified probate lawyer who can assist in identifying all tangible and non-traditional assets and protect the interests of all parties involved. Whichever side you find yourself on in probate proceedings, as an executor or administrator or as an heir or beneficiary, you need to be aware of the legal options, rights and duties that apply to you and seek the support of legal counsel.

The Georgia Supreme Court case, Morrison v. Morrison, 282 Ga. 866 (2008) provides some guidance regarding what constitutes undue influence. In Morrison v. Morrison, one sibling sued another claiming that he used undue influence over his father to convince him to select a particular attorney and then participated with that attorney to create a more favorable will. In this case, the Georgia Supreme Court determined that no undue influence existed because the father was not of “weak mentality” when the will was executed nor did the one sibling occupy a “dominant position” with regard to his father. In fact, the court said, “that the father remained strong-willed and stubborn, not feeble or easily confused, and that he liked to be in charge. “ Morrison, 282 Ga. 868.

Under Georgia Law, a transaction is recognized to be the result of undue influence when the parties are in a confidential relationship with each other and one party has a superior mental capability than the party who is the victim of the undue influence.

To the contrary, The Georgia Supreme Court found undue influence existed in a noteworthy case, Bailey v. Edmundson, 280 Ga. 528 (2006). Baily v. Edmundson is an especially case because it provides a list of factors to consider in determining undue influence, including:

• Whether the parties had a confidential relationship;

• The reasonableness of the testator’s disposition of his estate;

• The testator’s habits, motives, or feelings, and his physical and mental strengths or weaknesses;

• The testator’s family, social, and business relations;

• The manner and conduct of the testator; and

• Any other fact or circumstance that shows the exercise of undue influence on the mind and will of a testator, including evidence as to the bad character of the person(s) exerting the influence.

Although undue influence may occur in many different circumstances, parents may be particularly susceptible to undue influence from one of their own children.

I find these three (3) guidelines helpful for the rightful heir or beneficiary who seeks justice, normality, and comfort in any disputed will case. The reasons are as follows:

REMEMBER THIS NO. 1: This is about what has been done and what must be made right upon the findings of an impartial jury or the court. You are none the lesser and all the better for asking the questions and being outspoken and sincere.

REMEMBER THIS NO. 2: You are the family member or loved one left out. This is unusual and not the norm. It is a natural sequence of events to take care of another family member after death through a will or other instrument, no matter the circumstances. This includes both monetarily and otherwise. Most people know there is little they can do to provide a stable and comforting future without leaving assets.

REMEMBER THIS NO. 3: Do what you need to do to put matters to rest. If you let this bother you without taking action and finding an outlet to discover the truth, these feelings could haunt you for sometime if not forever.

• Duress – A decedent under pressure to do what they would not normally do, act how they normally act, or other such actions where a decedent has acted with pressure upon their “real” wishes and desires.

• Coercion – A decedent under pressure through extremes put upon themselves by themselves and others (perhaps the person seeking to be named in the will).

• Undue influence – Using tactics and other immoral and untrue acts to put pressure on a decedent to change their will.

• Lack of Capacity – Alzheimer’s, Dementia, Chemotherapy, medications of all sorts, etc.

• Incompetence – A person not able to act on their own accord who must be told what they are to do – this is oftentimes combined with incapacity.

• Mistake of Fact – A person making a will under false pretenses, lies and untruths told by another or coming to their mind through a mental disorder.

• Fraud – A person who has done the right thing and this has been changed through trickery, lies, deception, and sometimes acts of forgery, page replacement, and other deceptive acts.

• Senseless Dispositions -- They are not dispositive of the decedents inability to act, but do tell a story all their own.

A power of attorney is an authoritative document and brings with it the ability to act on behalf of someone else; usually without his or her presence or any questions asked. A Georgia power of attorney is relatively easy to establish over a person. The person who gains and holds the power of attorney is referred to as the attorney-in-fact or agent. These forms can be purchased for a few dollars from a “legal document information company,” downloaded over the internet, bought in an office supply or other such store, and even found over the web for free.

The Georgia power of attorney document can be easily secured, signed by the trusting, gullible, eager to please, or even forged. Furthermore, once an “attorney-in-fact” has a Georgia power of attorney, there are relatively few security measures in place to prevent these documents from being used without any questions asked. This is the case with many banks, credit unions, credit card companies, businesses, financial institutions, mortgage companies, or other businesses.

The fiduciary litigation lawyers at our Firm have found that many persons acting as an attorney-in-fact or agent pretend to act as if they are helping someone else, when they are only helping themselves to the money and assets of another trusting person. They are also spending monies that otherwise would go into the estate of the person who gave the power of attorney and defrauding the rightful heirs or beneficiaries assets which “would have been in the estate,” but for the misuse, fraud and abuse. It is important to know a power of attorney, brings with it a fiduciary duty to act in the best interest of the person giving the power of attorney. If the attorney-in-fact or agent is acting in his or her best interest or without the best interest of the person giving the power of attorney, they are acting breach of their fiduciary duty and in breaking Georgia law. They must be stopped before too much damage is done!

Our Firm asks that you look out for your loved ones and the following circumstances:

• Overly Trusting Person Giving Power of Attorney

• Sudden Change in Financial Circumstances

• Sudden Change in Behavior – (Especially Emotional or Worrisome Thoughts or Actions)

• Need for Money by Attorney-in-Fact or Agent

• Mental Illness such as Dementia, Alzheimer’s or Other Mental Disorder

• Inability Care to for Self

• Coercion (by Family, Friends or Others)

• Duress

• Undue Influence

• Lack of Capacity

• Incompetence

• Fraud

• Other Suspicious Circumstances

The reason I am writing this article is to tell you that there are many ways to prevent, stop, and recover the damages caused by the misuse of a Georgia power of attorney. Our Atlanta fiduciary litigation law Firm specializes in Georgia power of attorney litigation. We can assist you in preventing fraudulent use of a power of attorney by an attorney-in-fact or an agent. We can also represent you against persons who have wrongfully acted as attorney –in-fact or agent. It is important to know there are numerous powerful remedies to stop and hold accountable persons who obtain, misuse, or abuse a power of attorney. We can also assist you after the power of attorney has been misused and the “would be estate” has been squandered.

Here’s a tip on how to save on payroll taxes. Suppose your business earns a profit of about $75,000 per year. So you pay yourself a salary of $75,000. Your payroll tax is approx. $12,000. If you were operating your business as an “S” corporation, which many small business owners do, then you need to know that distributions of profit from an “S” corporation are not subject to payroll tax.

Instead of paying yourself a salary of $75,000 (all of which is subject to payroll tax), pay yourself a smaller but reasonable salary of say $25,000. Thus, the payroll tax is approximately $4,000. The other $50,000 is distributed to you as an “S” corporation dividend. There is no payroll tax on the $50,000 distribution. That’s a tax savings of approx. $8,000!!!

The same technique can be used for a limited liability company ("LLC"), but it’s a little more complicated. You pay yourself a salary and pay payroll tax on that amount. But there is no payroll tax on an LLC distribution of profit as long as you are not the LLC’c member. Most people either interpose another LLC (owned by you) as the member of the operating LLC, or for example a spouse who does not work in the business is the member of the operating LLC.

Be smart. Sometimes less really is more. But also be reasonable when using this technique. The Adams Law Offices offers experienced business and tax experts to assist you with every aspect of owning and running a successful business.

The reasons behind this trend? THE ECONOMY!

It altogether makes sense to understand that in these troubled times, a Georgia executor, administrator, attorney-in-fact under a power of attorney, trustees, or other fiduciary, would “dip into the pot” of estate funds which are meant for the beneficiaries or heirs. The reasoning, we have concluded, is that no one will believe or be able to show that these fiduciaries have abused their powers by navigating estate funds into their own interest and use. Moreover, many Georgia beneficiaries and heirs do not know what their rights are and as such, do not know that fiduciaries have a vast and affirmative obligation upon them to “do the right thing” and manage the Georgia estate they are overseeing and controlling in the best interests of all of the beneficiaries and heirs.

On the contrary, altogether good executors, administrators, attorneys-in-fact, trustees, and other fiduciaries that are doing a good and adequate job are being accused of all sorts of heinous acts and breaches of their fiduciary duty by paranoid and overbearing beneficiaries and heirs.

If you feel that an executor, administrator, attorney-in-fact, or other Georgia fiduciary is not living up to their lofty obligations; The Adams Law Offices specializes in evaluating, scrutinizing, and analyzing the dealings of executors, administrators, attorneys-in-fact, and trustees who have fiduciary duties to others. If our Firm finds wrongdoing, we appropriately and often aggressively seek legal remedies for our clients.

Our Firm also specializing in assisting, guiding and defending executors, administrators, attorneys-in-fact, trustees, and other Georgia fiduciaries in carrying out their obligations in a legally proper and appropriate way. The Adams Law Offices also lends the appropriate support, care, and protection to the blameless fiduciaries in the course of carry out their duties. We also specialize in putting other fiduciaries back on track that have gotten off course or found they need the expertise of experienced Atlanta probate attorneys at the helm.

The Adams Law Offices has its main Atlanta office conveniently located in heart of Buckhead near the intersection of Piedmont and Roswell roads. Our Firm assists clients throughout the Metro Atlanta and Georgia area including the following cities, communities, counties, and US States.

I am finding more and more heirs and beneficiaries calling into my office with the same complaint against the executor or administrator of the Georgia estate. These concerns center around the executor or administrator refusing to provide the beneficiary or heirs of the estate with an accounting and an inventory of the Georgia estate assets. The common runaround the executor or administrator usually gives the beneficiary or heir is they have no duty to provide such information. However, Georgia beneficiaries and heirs should know they can make a legally binding request in writing to the executor and administrator of the estate for an inventory and accounting of estate assets. Oftentimes beneficiaries or heirs have waived this right, but they can renounce this waiver in writing and move forward with a petition for inventory and accounting. O.C.G.A. § 53-7-32 (2008) provides as follows:

§ 53-7-32. (Revised Probate Code of 1998) Waiver of right to receive; relieving personal representative of duty to make

(a) Any beneficiary of a testate estate or heir of an intestate estate may waive individually the right to receive the inventory from the personal representative. Such waiver shall be made in a signed writing that is delivered to the personal representative and may be revoked in writing by the beneficiary or heir at any time.

If you are worried about the monetary, fiscal, or fiduciary mismanagement of a Georgia estate to which you are a beneficiary or heir, you have options and rights under Georgia probate law. The Adams Law Offices represents beneficiaries and heirs in all stages of probate proceedings to get answers from unfair, dishonest, and deceitful executors and administrators. The Adams Law Offices welcomes the opportunity to assist you in filing a petition for inventory and accounting and acquiring the answers you deserve.

A cause of action arises out of a breach of a fiduciary duty or a mere threat to commit a breach of fiduciary duty. If a breach or the threat of a breach occurs, the interested party shall have a cause of action for the following:

• To recover of damages;

• To compel the performance of the executor’s or administrator’s duties;

• To enjoin the act of a breach of fiduciary duty;

• To compel redress, by payment of money or otherwise;

• To appoint another executor or administrator;

• To remove the executor or administrator;

• To reduce or disallow compensation to the executor or administrator;

• To seek any other remedies provided by statute, common law or otherwise;

Most of these Georgia probate court actions fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the county probate court. In Georgia, executors and administrators are bound by a fiduciary duty and hold a position of trust and power for the benefit of all persons who have an interest in the Georgia estate. Moreover, a co-executor or co-administrator may be subject to joint and several liability. In short, one executor or administrator may be liable for the acts of the other such executor or administrator if such executor or administrator knew or should have known of the certain wrongdoing and failed to take reasonable action to prevent or remedy this wrongdoing.

In my Atlanta, Georgia, probate and estate litigation law firm, it is more common than one might assume to see otherwise upstanding citizens turn into thieves, crooks, and scoundrels when put into a position of trust and power, such as that of an executor or administrator. This is especially true when the executor or administrator oversees considerable assets and believes they can engage in self-dealing, theft and even fraud.

The Adams Law Offices helps Georgia heirs and beneficiaries as well as other interested parties successfully navigate the “ins and outs” of Georgia estate administration proceedings. Our Firm would welcome the opportunity to guide and protect you throughout this stressful and confusing process. Please contact us at (404) 467-8611 or 1-877-412-3267 to see how we can assist you. Please also feel free to send us a confidential e-mail Web Site contact us form. The Adams Law Offices is conveniently located in the Buckhead section of Atlanta, Georgia near the intersection of Piedmont and Roswell Roads.

The Adams Law Offices helps clients in Georgia probate matters throughout the Metro Atlanta, Georgia area including the following cities, communities, and counties: Atlanta, Alpharetta, Fairburn, Roswell, Sandy Springs, Buckhead, Decatur, Lithonia, Druid Hills, Dunwoody, Tucker, Marietta, Smyrna, Vinings, Duluth, Acworth, Fayetteville, Marietta, Lawrenceville, Norcross, Morrow, Riverdale, Canton, Milton, John's Creek and other cities throughout North Georgia. DeKalb County, Fulton County, Cobb County, Gwinnett County, Fayette County, Clayton County and Cherokee County

The fact is most Georgia probate and estate administration questions consistently arise from fighting between the executors, administrators, heirs and beneficiaries. This fighting is more the standard rather than the exception and commonplace in many estate administration proceedings. Moreover, if you are executor or administrator of an Georgia probate estate proceeding, you should seriously consider retaining an experienced Georgia probate attorney to guide you in carrying out your fiduciary duties and protect you from aggressive and vindictive heirs and beneficiaries who may be out to cause you trouble.

Additionally, in my Atlanta, Georgia, probate law firm, I receive an equal if not greater number of questions from my clients who are heirs and beneficiaries of a Georgia estate administration proceeding. The most common questions they ask concern the actions of the executor and administrator and center on what these fiduciaries can and cannot do, what constitutes a breach of their fiduciary duty, and what legal actions can and should be taken. What is more, heirs and beneficiaries who ask these difficult questions and seek to understand estate administration proceedings should be commended. All too often, the Georgia executor and administrator will abuse their position of power and use it for their own gain and self-dealing or that of preferred family members, friends or co-conspirators. Other common questions concern timing of estate matters and events as well as the rights of estate creditors and debtors as well as a host of other parties.

Having practiced as a Georgia fiduciary attorney for a considerable length of time, I am quite sure that nothing makes people act more unreasonable or irrational than the combination of the acquisition of monies and other assets, in combination with the death of a family member. The single most common question without doubt is whether the executor or administrator is acting in accordance with Georgia fiduciary law.

The Adams Law Offices helps Georgia executors, administrators, heirs, and, beneficiaries as well as other interested parties successfully navigate the “ins and outs” of Georgia estate administration proceedings. Our Firm would welcome the opportunity to guide through this stressful and confusing process. Please contact us (404) 467-8611 or 1-877-412-3267 to see how we can assist you. Please also feel free to send us a confidential e-mail Web Site contact us form. The Adams Law Offices is conveniently located in the Buckhead section of Atlanta, Georgia near the intersection of Piedmont and Roswell Roads.

The Adams Law Offices helps clients in Georgia probate matters throughout the Metro Atlanta, Georgia area including the following cities, communities, and counties: Atlanta, Alpharetta, Fairburn, Roswell, Sandy Springs, Buckhead, Decatur, Lithonia, Druid Hills, Dunwoody, Tucker, Marietta, Smyrna, Vinings, Duluth, Acworth, Fayetteville, Marietta, Lawrenceville, Norcross, Morrow, Riverdale, Canton, Milton, John's Creek and other cities throughout North Georgia. DeKalb County, Fulton County, Cobb County, Gwinnett County, Fayette County, Clayton County and Cherokee County